Zuwan Musulunci kasar Hausa
Wasu daga masana tarihin yamma suna danganta shigowar addinin Musulunci kasar Hausa da shigowar ‘yan kasuwar Wangarawa a karni na 14 miladiya. Amma littafin Kano chronicle ya nuna cewa akwai musulunci a kasar Hausa tun kafin zuwan Wangarawa karkashin jagorancin Abdul-Rahman Zagaiti lokacin sarkin Kano Ali Yaji (1349- 1385 AD).
Amma maganar hakika itace cewa addinin Musulunci ya shigo kasar Hausa tun lokacin sahabban Annabi (S.A.W) a hijra tana shekara 24 lokacin Khalifa Usman bn Affan. Khalifa Usman ya turo Abdullah bn Sa’ad bn Ali Sarhi kamar yadda aka rubuta a littafin al-Isti’ab na sheikh Muhammad Khalifa bn Mukhtar al-Kunti. Sheikh Khalifa yaci gaba cewa Uqbah bn Nafi al-Fihri yace “munyi zango uku (mun shiga ko wace nahiyar Africa gabas da yamma kudu da arewa). Sanan Ahmad bin Yusif ya rubuta a littafinsa Akbar al-Duwal athar al-Awal cewa Uqbah bn Amir al-Juhani (biyune Uqban) sunzo kogin Kwara a kasar Gobir.
Daular ‘Yan Doto dake Zamfara itace daular Musulunci ta farko a kasar Hausa wanda Imam Yahaya bn Abdullahi bn Hassan al-Musanna ya kafa a karni na 2 na hijra. Imam Yahya yazo daga Madina tare da almajiransa masu dimbin yawa. Shi yazo da mazhabar malikiya kasar Hausa tun zamanin Imam Malik yana da ransa. Daular ‘Yan Doto ta shafe kimanin shekara 400 tana mulki a kasar Hausa.
A cikin littafinsa al-Tarih al-Kabir Ibn Khaldun ya fadi cewa addinin Musulunci shine addinin daular Kanem Borno), har yake cewa daular Kanem ta kulla alaka da daular Hafsiyyah. Inda Sarkin Kanem ya turawa da shugaban daular Hafsiyyah kyautar Rakumin Dawa (al-Zarafah). Wannan Rakumin tara dumbin ‘yan kallo yayin da ya isa Tunusia a shekarar 1257 miladiya. Wannan kyauta an yita ne lokacin Mai Dunama Dibbalemi (1221- 1259 AD).
A karni na 14 miladiya Sheikh Fathallah Buras yazo Kano daga Libya inda ya kawo Sufanci kasar Hausa.
Muhammad bn Abdul-Karim al-Maghili (1425- 1504) yazo Kano a zamanin sarkin Kano Muhammad Rumfa inda ya kawo tsarurruka a kasar Hausa kamar; gina Ganuwa (Badala) da ta zagaye birnin Kano, nada alkalai masu Shari’a, yin bikin Sallah Karama da Babbar Sallah, gina Kasuwa a cikin Kano da kuma sa Hijabi/Purdah wanda mata suke sawa a kasar Hausa. Shehu Maghili sun hadu da Shehu Suyuti a Kano inda suka yi muqabala mai zurfi akan ilimin Mandiq.
Manyan malamai da dama sunzo kasar Hausa kamar Ahmad bn Umar bn Muhammad al-Aqit daga Timbuktu a shekarar 1487 AD. Sannan a shekarar 1500 AD Abdul-Rahman bn Ali al-Qasri yazo daga Morocco tare da Abdul-Rahman as-Suqqani, sannan kuma Makluf bn Ali al-Balbali ya ziyarci Katsina a 1534 AD.
Muhammad Zahra (Mai Kargo) shi ya fara kafa makarantar Hadisi da ilimin Sanadi (kafin zuwansa babu ilimin sanadin Hadisi a kasar Hausa). Shi yazo da littafin Ashifa ta al-Qadi Iyad da Sahih Bukhari. Daga cikin manyan almajiransa akwai Sheikh abdullahi Siqa da Sarkin Kano Muhammada Kisoke.
A karni na 17 AD Sheikh Muhammad al-Fullati al-Turanki al-Kashnawiy yayi karatu a Katsina sannan yaje aikin Hajji wanda a hanyarsa ya hadu da Sheikh Muhammad Wali al-Bagarmi a Chad har yayi karatu a wajensa.
Sheikh Abdullahi Siqa al-Hafiz yayi karatu a wajen Sheikh al-Bakri al-Gazargami wanda yaje har Fez (Morocco) neman ilimi. Daga cikin daliban Abdullahi Siqa akwai sarkin Kano Kwa-kwana da sarkin Kano Jan Hazo da Ustaz Musa Gero da Mahmud Barnawi da Sheikh Dan Murna na Katsina.
Babban malamin Tauhidin nan sheikh Dahiru Fayramma ya rubuta littafin Nazmul Kubra a kasar Gazargamu inda sheikh Amin al-Kanemi ya kai littafin har Misrah (Egypt).
Kafin baiyanar shehu Usmanu a karni na 18 AD, babban malamin da akayi shine sheikh Jibril bn Umar a Agadez. Muhammad Bello bn Usman bn Fodio ya fadi cewa Jibril bn Umar yayi yawo a duniya tamkar yadda Ibn Batuta yayi. Shine malamin da ya sawa shehu Usmanu akidar yin Jihadi tare da tsarkake addinin Musulunci gami da gurbatar da yayi a zamaninsu. Ya rubuta littafin Nazmul Awdahil Masaliki ta Ibn Hisham tare da littafin Alfiyya fi usul Hadith. Sheikh Abdullahi bn Fodio ya karanta littafin al-Kaukab al-Sati na Suyuti tare da Sahih al-Bukhari a wajensa.
A karni na 19 AD kasar Hausa ta haskaka da zuwan Mujaddidan addinin Musulunci karkashin jagorancin shehu Usmanu bn Fodio da kaninsa Abdullahi bn Fodio tare da tallafawar manyan barade irinsu Umaru al-Kammu, Abdul-Salam da kuma Muhammad Bello dan shehu Usmanu. Shehu Usmanu ya kafa daular Usmaniyyah ta hanyar Jihadi da wa’azi (inda ya shafe shekara 29 yana wa’azi tun yana dan shekara 31) da kuma rubuce-rubuce. Shehu Usmanu da kaninsa Abdullahi sun rubuta littattafai masu tarin yawa a fannonin Musuluci daban-daban cikin harshen Larabci, Fulatanci (Fulfulde), da kuma Hausa.
A baya-bayan nan kasar Hausa ba zata manta da gudumawar da mayan malamai irin Sheikh Nasir Kabara, Sheikh Abubakar Gumi, Sheikh Ibrahim Saleh da sauransu suka bayar wajen cigaban Addinin Musulunci a kasar Hausa da duniya gaba daya.
Kira anan shine ya kamata manyan malaman Jami’a da suyi duba su gyara tarihin musulunci a kasar Hausa bam u dunga amfani da abinda Turawan yamma suka rubuta mana ba. Domin musan yadda musulunci yazo mana tun da zafinsa, sannan da gudumawar da wadannan malam suka bayar dan mu sami koyi dasu.
Uqbah Kabara
oqbatu@yahoo.com dalibine (postgraduate) a Muslim College London
